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Flexion and extension views of the spine

Laterals bent forward and back to show abnormal motion; the patient moves, you never force it.

Why they are ordered

Flexion and extension views are lateral images taken with the spine bent forward and then back. They show instability: one vertebra sliding on another more than it should, from a ligament injury, spondylolisthesis, or a fusion that has not healed. Neutral laterals cannot show that, because the problem only appears with motion. Each image is marked FLEXION or EXTENSION.

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