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Size Distortion vs Shape Distortion
Size distortion enlarges the whole part evenly; shape distortion stretches or shrinks one dimension.
Two kinds
Distortion is any difference between the real size or shape of a part and how it appears on the image. Size distortion is magnification. It comes from SID and OID, and it makes the whole part larger in every direction by the same amount. Shape distortion is unequal magnification of different parts of the same object. It shows up as elongation, where the part looks longer than it is, or foreshortening, where it looks shorter.