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Medical Emergencies
Recognize the signs, call for help early, and stay with the patient. Anaphylaxis needs epinephrine and a code call.
Shock
Shock is poor blood flow to the tissues. Hypovolemic shock comes from blood or fluid loss. Cardiogenic shock comes from a failing heart. Septic, anaphylactic, and neurogenic shock come from dilated vessels. Early signs are anxiety, restlessness, a rapid weak pulse, pale cool clammy skin, and fast breathing. Falling blood pressure is a later sign. Call for help, keep the patient flat, raise the legs if no injury prevents it, and keep the patient warm.